To find out how Mesopotamian kilns from the Chalcolithic (7000 to 5000 BC) were made and, above all, worked, Johnny Samuele Baldi and his colleagues from the ArchéOrient laboratory (CNRS / Université Lumière Lyon 2) decided to build a replica in the grounds of the Commandery of the Knights Templar at Jalès (Ardèche, southern France), a branch of the laboratory.